Small in Size, Big on Power: The Evolution of Automotive Battery Technology
The automotive battery has not only been the core of the automobile but also a major influencer of numerous changes in the automotive industry. Its history spans over a century of fascinating designs and eras.
Where It All Began
The journey of the automotive battery began with the invention of the lead-acid battery in 1859 by French physician Gaston Planté. This invention evolved over the decades into the automotive battery we recognize today. Interestingly, the first cars in the early 20th century were predominantly electric, thanks to the ease of electric cars compared to the manual crank starting of gas-powered engines. However, the mass-produced and reliable Model T from Ford marked the decline of electric vehicles. Ironically, the invention of the electric starter, which eliminated the need for manual cranking, also contributed to the rise of gas-powered cars.
Key Innovations in Automotive Battery Technology
Despite limited development on the lead-acid battery itself, it remained central to automotive advancements due to its practicality. The development of better roads and the discovery of oil propelled gas-powered cars to success, while electric accessories began to push the automotive industry forward. Here are some pivotal innovations:
Electric Starters: Patented by Charles F. Kettering and implemented by Cadillac in 1912, electric starters became standard by 1919. They created the initial spark needed to start the internal combustion engine, replacing the dangerous and tiresome hand-cranking method.
The Alternator: Initially simple electric dynamos, alternators evolved to power various car functions, including the ignition system, headlights, and electric locks. They complemented the lead-acid battery and extended its lifespan by using AC current to generate a stronger, longer-lasting voltage.
The Key Ignition System: Developed in 1949, the key ignition system allowed for safe, easy, and fast car starting, replacing the complicated and risky process of using a special starter pedal.
The Evolution of the Lead-Acid Battery Design
Over the last century, the lead-acid battery has undergone minimal changes. The first significant change occurred in the 1950s when car electric systems transitioned from six volts to twelve volts. The second major change came in the 1970s with the introduction of the sealed car battery, which featured a protective casing to prevent rust and corrosion and eliminated the need for regular water intake.
The Automotive Battery of Today and Tomorrow
The sealed car battery design has remained largely unchanged since the 1970s, with the lead-acid battery still being the primary automotive battery. However, the rise of electric cars, driven by environmental concerns, has brought the lithium-ion battery to the forefront. While it still requires some design tweaks for automotive use, it has the potential to surpass the lead-acid battery. The main challenge for electric cars is the lack of infrastructure, with electric charging stations being far fewer than gasoline stations. However, as history has shown, this can change over time.
Powering the Future
The history and future of the automotive battery offer valuable insights. The evolution of batteries can lead to numerous technological advancements. At RB Battery, we lead the way in all battery applications you might need. Learn more about us today!